Anxiety and fears in dogs

Dogs can experience fear and anxiety, and for some dogs it can seriously affect their quality of life. Understanding the signs and getting the right help early makes a real difference.

Signs of fear and anxiety in dogs

Fear and anxiety can show in different ways:

• Panic: trying to escape, or sudden behaviour that seems out of context, which can lead to accidents.
• Fear: withdrawing, hiding, not wanting to play or be active, trembling and tucking the tail.
• Self-directed behaviour: licking or biting themselves excessively.
• Physical signs: an anxious dog may have an upset stomach or diarrhoea.

When fear and anxiety can start

Fears and phobias can develop at any age. Some appear in puppyhood or adolescence, and some dogs become anxious as they get older. In older dogs, separation anxiety can be linked to changes in learning, thinking and memory.

Some breeds and individual dogs may be more prone to anxiety.

What causes anxiety and fear in dogs?

• Pain or illness. A painful condition or illness can lead to anxiety and fearfulness.
• Ageing. Some older dogs develop separation anxiety as their brain ages.
• Neglect and poor living conditions. Dogs that have been neglected or kept in poor conditions can develop severe anxiety and may find it hard to trust people.
• Poor socialisation. Dogs that weren't socialised well when young are more likely to be anxious around other dogs and people.
• Early experiences. Being abandoned or neglected as a puppy can lead to fears and anxiety as the dog grows up.

Getting a diagnosis

If you're concerned that your dog may be anxious or fearful, speak to your vet. Some of these signs can be caused by other health problems, such as thyroid problems or conditions affecting the brain, so it's important to rule these out.

If your vet finds that your dog has a fear-related problem or anxiety, they can discuss treatment, which may include behaviour therapy and, in some cases, medication. Your vet may refer you to a qualified clinical animal behaviourist.

Helping an anxious dog at home

Treatment works best when you follow the plan from your vet or behaviourist at home.

• Use reward-based training. A qualified behaviourist can help you change how your dog feels about the things that frighten them, in small, gentle steps.
• Don't punish fearful behaviour. It can make fear worse.
• Give your dog a safe, quiet place to retreat to.
• If your dog is prescribed medication, give it exactly as your vet advises. Some medications need regular check-ups or blood tests; your vet will advise.

Don't leave a fearful or anxious dog without help. Without support, anxiety can get worse and make your dog very unhappy.

Reducing the risk of fear and anxiety

From a young age, gently introduce your puppy to as many suitable experiences as you can, such as different people, dogs, sounds and places. Good socialisation can help decrease fearful behaviour later. Puppies that are not exposed to social situations until 14 weeks of age are more likely to develop fears and ongoing behavioural problems.

If you're ever concerned about your dog's behaviour or wellbeing, seek veterinary advice. Your dog's health is a priority and part of being a responsible owner.