Why does my dog stare at me?

Have you noticed your dog watching your every move? Many owners wonder why their dog stares at them and what they are trying to say. There is no single answer, but most of the time your dog is communicating or trying to work out what happens next. Getting to know your dog's habits will help you understand them.

Your dog is reading you

Dogs pay close attention to us. They pick up on our moods, gestures and routines, and watch us to predict what we will do next. Many dogs learn that when you pick up the lead, a walk is coming. The same goes for mealtimes, car keys and coats.

Dogs also watch for cues that might lead to a reward. If staring at you has led to treats, play or attention in the past, your dog may sit and stare, waiting for the next chance.

Your dog wants something

Staring is often a request. Your dog may want to go outside for the toilet, and may sit by the door or make noises to get your attention. Or they may be hungry, or simply interested in what you are eating.

Many dogs learn that a hopeful stare at mealtimes gets results. If we give in and share our food, the stare becomes a habit that can last for life, and some dogs add barking to it. To avoid this:

• don't feed your dog from your plate or the table
• give your dog something to do at mealtimes, such as a chew or a food puzzle in their bed
• reward your dog for settling calmly instead

What staring can tell you about how your dog feels

Staring can mean different things. A soft gaze with relaxed body language is usually friendly. A hard, fixed stare with a stiff body can be a warning. Never stare at a dog you don't know, as they may feel threatened.

Always look at the whole dog, not just their eyes. Soft eyes, a relaxed face and a loose body suggest your dog is comfortable. A still, tense body, a closed mouth or raised hackles suggest they are not, so give them space.

Your dog may be showing affection

Often, your dog gazes at you simply because they enjoy your company. Research suggests that friendly mutual gazing can raise levels of oxytocin, a hormone linked to bonding, in both dogs and their owners. This may be part of why many dogs like to look at the people they are close to.

Spending calm time with your dog, including gentle stroking and play, can be relaxing for you both.

Using your dog's attention in training

A dog who looks to you for cues is often ready to learn. You can build on this by rewarding your dog for checking in with you on walks or at home, which helps with recall and other training.