Ways to care for a senior dog

Dogs are living longer thanks to better veterinary care, medicines and diet. How long a dog lives, and how quickly they age, varies between breeds and between individual dogs.

Dogs are usually considered senior from about seven to ten, depending on size; large breeds age sooner. As your dog gets older, their care and diet may need to change. A little forward planning and close attention will help keep them happy and comfortable while supporting their health.

Declining senses

Like people, dogs often lose some sight and hearing as they age. This usually happens gradually, and is often one of the first signs of ageing that owners notice.

If your dog's eyesight is getting worse, help them get around by keeping the floor clear of obstacles and not moving furniture around.

If your dog is becoming hard of hearing, be patient and don't tell them off if they don't respond straight away. Approach them from the front rather than from behind, so you don't startle them.

Changes in the brain

As dogs age, their brains can age too. For most dogs the decline is gradual, and the speed varies between dogs. Some older dogs become confused or forgetful, and some develop a canine form of dementia.

Watch for changes such as getting lost in familiar places, changes in sleep, or seeming more anxious. Tell your vet about anything you notice, as there may be ways to help.

Changes in behaviour

Declining senses, brain ageing and the aches and pains of age can all change how your dog behaves. Older dogs often:

• become less interested in play
• are less keen to meet dogs they don't know
• become more irritable
• walk more slowly and spend more time resting

Senior dogs still need daily exercise, adapted to their health. Shorter, gentler walks at your dog's pace usually work best. You can find more on looking after older dogs in our pet advice section.

Teaching an old dog new tricks

Old dogs can learn new tricks. They may just take a little longer than they used to. Gentle training and simple games help keep their brain active.

Be patient and kind, both when teaching something new and when your dog is slower to respond to commands they already know.

Adapting their diet

An older dog's nutritional needs can change. Ask your vet for advice on the right diet for your dog. Dogs who have lost teeth, or have sore mouths, may find softer food easier to eat.

Stiff joints and arthritis

Older dogs are more likely to develop arthritis and stiff joints. If your dog seems stiff, slow to get up, or uncomfortable, speak to your vet about treatment options to help keep them mobile. Never give your dog human painkillers.

Rugs on slippery floors, a soft, supportive bed and ramps for steps or the car can make daily life easier.

Regular vet check-ups

As your dog gets older, regular check-ups help you and your vet spot changes early. Your vet may suggest blood tests or urine tests to look for problems before they cause symptoms. Repeating these tests over time also gives your vet a record to compare against.