How to walk your dog safely in snow and ice

Many dogs love snow, and most healthy dogs can still go for walks in wintry weather. But snow and ice bring their own risks, from hidden holes and frozen ponds to grit, rock salt and antifreeze. A few simple precautions help you both enjoy winter walks safely.

Should you walk your dog in the snow?

Blue Cross says that as long as your dog is healthy and able, you should try to walk them in all weathers, even in snow. Be careful in slippery conditions, and don't go out if it puts you at risk. On days you stay in, play games indoors to keep your dog busy.

Which dogs need a coat?

The RSPCA says the dogs most at risk from the cold are:

• puppies, who can't yet regulate their temperature well
• older dogs and dogs with medical conditions
• small dogs, who are closer to the ground
• dogs with thin or short fur

These dogs may need a coat or jumper for winter walks. It should fit snugly without restricting movement, and your dog should still be able to go to the toilet easily. Breeds with a thick double coat are better adapted to the cold, but most dogs feel the effect if they're out in low temperatures for long.

Keep your dog on a lead

Dogs Trust and the Royal Kennel Club warn that snow can hide holes, unsafe ground and deep drifts. Keeping your dog on a lead stops them falling into trouble or running onto frozen water.

Stay away from frozen ponds and lakes

Ponds, lakes and streams can look solid when frozen, but the ice may be too thin to take your dog's weight. Keep your dog on a lead near frozen water.

If your dog falls through the ice, don't go in after them. Dogs Trust advises encouraging them to swim back to you and calling the emergency services. Blue Cross notes most dogs are strong swimmers and more likely to get themselves out of trouble than you are.

Protect your dog's paws

Ice balls

Snow can build up between the pads and toes and form painful ice balls. Blue Cross and the RSPCA suggest trimming the fur around your dog's paws to help prevent this. If snow does build up, PDSA suggests soaking it off in warm water rather than pulling it off.

Grit and rock salt

Salt and grit spread on roads can irritate your dog's pads and are harmful if licked off. The RSPCA warns that swallowing them can cause thirst, vomiting and lethargy, and in severe cases, convulsions and kidney damage.

After every winter walk, wipe or rinse your dog's paws, legs and tummy. PDSA suggests a thin layer of paw balm to help stop pads cracking.

Dog boots

Boots can protect paws from the cold, grit and salt. Blue Cross recommends introducing them slowly indoors first, and never forcing your dog to wear them.

If your dog lifts their paws, whines or keeps stopping on a walk, their feet may be too cold.

Watch out for antifreeze

Antifreeze is extremely poisonous to dogs. The Royal Kennel Club warns it tastes sweet, so dogs may be drawn to it, and licking even a small amount can damage the kidneys and kill. It's often found where it has leaked from a car or been spilled while filling screen wash.

• Keep antifreeze and de-icer out of reach and clean up spills straight away.
• If your dog walks through any, wash their paws with soap and water at once.
• If you think your dog has licked antifreeze, contact your vet immediately. Don't wait for symptoms.

Be seen on dark afternoons

Winter walks often happen in low light. The RSPCA suggests sticking to well-lit areas and using reflective or light-up gear for both you and your dog.

Take care with older and arthritic dogs

Dogs can slip and fall on ice, just as we can. PDSA warns this is a particular risk for dogs with arthritis or other leg problems. The RSPCA notes cold weather can make arthritic joints stiffer and more painful. Take extra care on icy ground, and talk to your vet if your dog seems stiff or sore.

After the walk

Dry your dog thoroughly when you get home. The RSPCA warns that damp fur can make your dog cold and lead to skin irritation.