How to exercise a senior dog safely

Older dogs often slow down and sleep more, but they still need to get out and about. Regular, gentle exercise helps keep joints moving, muscles strong and weight in check, and it gives your dog the sniffs and company that keep life interesting. The trick is changing how you exercise them, not stopping.

When is a dog considered senior?

There's no single age. Dogs Trust says dogs over seven can be considered senior. Blue Cross notes that small dogs may not show signs of ageing until about nine or ten, while larger breeds can start to slow down from around six. Your dog's own health matters more than the number.

Why exercise still matters for older dogs

• Joints stay more mobile. PDSA explains that joints get stiffer when they haven't been used for a while, so little and often is best.
• Weight stays down. Blue Cross notes that extra weight puts more pressure on joints and can make arthritis more painful.
• The brain stays busy. Walks and games give mental stimulation, which matters as dogs age.

Common health problems that affect exercise

PDSA lists several age-related problems that can limit what an older dog can do:

• arthritis, joint and mobility problems
• loss of sight
• deafness
• heart problems
• dog dementia (cognitive dysfunction syndrome)

If your dog struggles to get around or no longer seems keen on walks, book a vet check. There may be treatments that ease pain and help them enjoy exercise again. Blue Cross warns never to give your dog human painkillers.

How to adapt walks for a senior dog

Little and often

Swap one long walk for several shorter ones. Keep to a route that isn't too long in case your dog tires. Dogs Trust suggests frequent short walks rather than one long one, and letting your dog set the pace.

Go at your dog's pace

Don't hurry your dog or push them to keep going. PDSA says that if your dog stops chasing a toy or lies down on a walk, they need to rest. Build in plenty of stops for sniffing.

Choose the route carefully

• Keep it flat and firm. Blue Cross advises firm, flat ground for dogs with arthritis.
• Keep it familiar. If your dog's sight or hearing is failing, a known route helps stop them becoming anxious or confused.
• Watch for surprises. Cyclists or runners appearing suddenly can startle a dog that can't see or hear them coming. Reassure your dog when you spot something they might not.

Plan around the weather

PDSA notes that older dogs don't cope as well with very high or low temperatures. In hot weather, walk at the cooler times of day. In cold weather, a well-fitting dog coat can help. On days when it's too hot or cold, swap the walk for indoor games.

The best exercise for older dogs

Blue Cross advises dogs with arthritis to avoid running, chasing balls and turning at speed. Ask your vet whether physiotherapy, hydrotherapy or massage might help your dog.

Dogs with dementia, hearing loss or sight loss

Blue Cross explains that dogs with cognitive dysfunction can become confused, forget their training or seem more anxious. A dog that runs off after something may not know how to get back to you. Blue Cross suggests:

• keeping your dog on a lead when out
• sticking to a routine and familiar places
• making sure their ID tag and microchip details are up to date

The same lead advice applies to dogs losing their hearing or sight, as they can easily become lost or bump into things.

Making home easier

Exercise is easier when daily life is comfortable. PDSA, Blue Cross and the RSPCA suggest:

• rugs or mats on slippery floors
• ramps for steps, furniture or getting into the car
• soft, padded bedding for resting after walks
• a support harness or sling for larger dogs who need help

PDSA also reminds owners that older dogs who walk less may grow longer nails, so check them regularly.

If you're thinking of offering an older dog a home, Dogs Trust notes that older dogs are often calmer and need less exercise. You can find a pet looking for a new home.